For epilepsy and bipolar disorder · Written by the Lyng Pharmacy team, based on NHS and BNF guidance · Updated August 2026
Also sold asEpilim, Depakote, Episenta
Type of medicineAntiepileptic / mood stabiliser
Available asTablets, modified-release tablets, granules, liquid
How you get itPrescription only — under the Pregnancy Prevention Programme
Sodium valproate is effective for epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It also causes serious birth defects and developmental problems in a substantial proportion of babies exposed in the womb, which is why its use is tightly controlled in anyone who could become pregnant.
The pregnancy risk, stated plainly
Around 1 in 10 babies exposed to valproate in the womb have a physical birth defect, and around 3 to 4 in 10 have developmental problems. Valproate must not be used in pregnancy, or in anyone able to become pregnant, unless the conditions of the Pregnancy Prevention Programme are met and there is no effective alternative.
If you can become pregnant and take valproate you should have:
Highly effective contraception, discussed and documented
An annual specialist review, with a signed risk acknowledgement form
A patient card and guide, supplied with every prescription
There are also newer restrictions for men, and for anyone under 55 starting valproate, requiring agreement from two specialists. Your specialist will explain how these apply to you.
Do not stop valproate suddenly if you find you are pregnant. Stopping abruptly can cause seizures, which are also dangerous. Contact your specialist urgently instead.
How to take it
Take it as prescribed, at the same times each day, usually with or after food. Modified-release tablets are swallowed whole.
Never stop or change the dose without medical advice — abrupt withdrawal can trigger seizures or a relapse of mood symptoms.
Stick to the same brand where possible; switching between valproate products is generally avoided in epilepsy.
Side effects and monitoring
Common: nausea, tremor, weight gain, hair thinning or changed texture, drowsiness.
Report promptly:
Persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, unusual tiredness, or yellowing of the eyes or skin — possible liver or pancreas problems
Confusion, unusual drowsiness or worsening seizures
Unexplained bruising or bleeding
A widespread rash or blistering skin
Blood tests check liver function and blood counts, particularly in the first six months. Avoid alcohol, which adds to drowsiness.
Always read the label. This page is general information, not advice for your situation. Doses, warnings and interactions differ between products and between people. Check the leaflet inside your medicine, and ask our pharmacist if anything is unclear — that conversation is free and takes two minutes.
Questions about Sodium valproate?
1 Lyng Lane, West Bromwich B70 7RW · Mon–Fri 8:30am–6pm, Sat 9am–1pm · 0121 500 5756
Around 1 in 10 exposed babies have a physical birth defect and 3 to 4 in 10 have developmental problems. It is only used where there is no effective alternative and the Pregnancy Prevention Programme conditions are met.
What should I do if I become pregnant on valproate?
Do not stop suddenly — that can cause seizures. Contact your specialist urgently for advice.
Do I need an annual review on valproate?
Yes, if you can become pregnant — an annual specialist review with a signed risk acknowledgement form, alongside highly effective contraception.
Can I switch valproate brands?
Switching between valproate products is generally avoided in epilepsy. Ask your prescriber if your supply looks different.
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